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Objective To investigate the effect of sodium valproate combined with phenytoin sodium on the epileptiform discharge and cognitive function in patients with refractory epilepsy (RE).Methods A total of 213 patients with RE were selected from February 2011 to February 2015 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.The patients were divided into phenytoin sodium group,sodium valproate group and combined treatment group according to the treatment methods,71 cases in each group.The patients in the phenytoin sodium group were treated with phenytoin sodium,the patients in the sodium valproate group were treated with sodium valproate,and the patients in the combined treatment group were treated with phenytoin sodium and sodium valproate.The electroencephalogram and cognitive function score of the patients in the three groups were performed before treatment and six months after treatment,and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.The improvement of electroencephalogram,cognitive function score and clinical effect were compared among the three groups.Results The total effective rate in the combined treatment group,phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group was 80.28％ (57/71),60.56％ (43/71) and 59.15％ (42/71) respectively,the total effective rate in the combined treatment group was significandy higher than that in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =8.412,9.596;P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the total effective rate between phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =0.003,P ＞ 0.05).The improvement rate of electroencephalogram in the combined treatment group,phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group was 80.28％ (57/71),63.38％ (45/71) and 60.56％ (43/71) respectively,the improvement rate of electroencephalogram in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group(x2 =7.520,8.412;P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of electroencephalogram between phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =0.070,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient in the three groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment in the three groups (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group(P ＞ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient between the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Phenytoin sodium combined with sodium valproate can effectively control the epileptiform discharge,improve the cognitive function and improve the therapeutic effect in RE patients.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of HIF-1α and its relationship with angiogenesis in osteosarcoma. Methods: Osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured in vitro under hypoxia and mimic hypoxia conditions. Thirty paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma tissues and 20 fresh frozen osteosarcoma specimens were collected. The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry methods. The mean vessel density (MVD) were also calculated. Results: The mRNA level of HIF-1α had no change under hypoxia and minic hypoxia conditions, whereas the protein expression was increased dramaticaly. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF was significantly increased under hypoxia and minic hypoxia conditions. The positive rate of HIF-1α mRNA (90%) and VEGF(100%) in 20 fresh frozen tissues were higher than those of the para-tumor tissues(P<0.05). The positive rates of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma were 86.7% and 93.3%, respectively, significantly higher than those in the para-tumor tissues (6.7%,26.7%, P<0.05). Spearman related analysis demonstrated that the expression of HIF-1α (P = 0.005, r = 0.767) and VEGF(P<0.002, r = 0.701) had a positive relation with MVD. Conclusion: HIF-1α is overexpressed in osteosarcoma and might be closely associated with tumor angiogenesis. Overexpression of HIF-1α might indicate a poor prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Objective: To investigate the anticancer activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on osteosarcoma in vitro and its possible mechanism. Methods: Osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured under the mimic hypoxia condition induced by desferrioxamine and treated with TSA in vitro. The effects of TSA on invasion of MG-63 cells was detected by Transwell migration assay. The effect of TSA on mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were tested by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA at various concentrations and different time points. Results: After treatment with TSA at 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 nmol/L the invasion capability of MG-63 cells decreased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Mimic hypoxia induced the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein. TSA markedly inhibited the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA had an significant anticancer activity in vitro and inhibitory effects on the expression of HIF-1α and tumor angiogenesis. It might be a novel anti-cancer agent by targeting HIF-1α and subsequently inhibiting angiogenesis in osteosarcoma.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of HIF-1?and its relationship with angiogenesis in osteosarcoma.Methods: Osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured in vitro under hypoxia and mimic hypoxia conditions.Thirty paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma tissues and 20 fresh frozen osteosarcoma specimens were collected.The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1?and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR,Western blotting,ELISA,and immunohistochemistry methods.The mean vessel density(MVD)were also calculated.Results:The mRNA level of HIF-1?had no change under hypoxia and minic hypoxia conditions,whereas the protein expression was increased dramaticaly.The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF was significantly increased under hypoxia and minic hypoxia conditions.The positive rate of HIF-1?mRNA(90%)and VEGF(100%)in 20 fresh frozen tissues were higher than those of the para-tumor tissues(P